Energy Risk Management - 1692 Words

Social Innovation Centre Risk Management for Energy Efficiency Projects in Developing Countries _______________ Paul KLEINDORFER 2010/18/TOM/ISIC Risk Management for Energy Efficiency Projects in Developing Countries 1 Paul Kleindorfer * * The Paul Dubrule Chaired Professor of Sustainable D evelopment, Distinguished Research Professor at INSEAD Social Innovation Centre, Boule vard de Constance, 77305 Fontainebleau , France and Anheuser-Busch Professor Emeritus of Man age ment Science and Publi c Pol icy, The Wharton School of the Universi ty of Pennsylvani a Ph: +33 (0) 1 60 72 91 28 Email: paul.kleindorfe r@insead.edu A working paper in the INSEAD Working Paper Series is intended as a means whe†¦show more content†¦Introduction This report considers the role of risk management i n promoting profitable energy efficiency (EE) projects in industrial enterprises in developing co untries. The paper focuses on developing countries in the middle range of development (e.g., with per capita income greater than $2,000 per annum) where there is a significant industrial sector, although many of the issues here would apply to other countries, both above and below this level of development. 4 The key question posed here is how to improve the payoff in economic and environmental terms from cost- effective energy efficiency projects and initiative s. The starting point for this report is the maxim, by now well known in the development literature and is the banner for this entire report, that ther e are many profitable EE projects in nearly every industrial enterprise that are simply not implement ed. Four problems are often identified as the culprits for failing to harvest such projects: 1) lack of a rational and feasible approach to finance these projects; 2) lack of a rational internal mana gement approach in the enterprise to package these projects in such a manner that they can be id entified and implemented while the â€Å"plant is running†; 3) the high perceived risk of these proje cts; and 4) the fact that management is often simply unaware of the existence of EE projects of v alue. 5 This paper is primarily focusedShow MoreRelatedAnalysis On Risk Management By Contractors Who Work On Energy And Utility Construction Projects Essay1990 Words   |  8 Pagesresearch takes a case study approach. 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The And Its Effects On The Human Body - 831 Words

Implanted biomaterials provoke an inflammatory response, known as the foreign body reaction {Daghighi, 2014 #119}. Following formation of adsorbed protein layer, a cascade of inflammatory processes occurs on the biomaterial surface and the extent of these events depends on the implantation procedure, target tissue/organ and properties of the adsorbed protein layer {Anderson, 2008 #54}. The presence of specific adsorbed proteins (especially vitronectin) in the layer influences the inflammatory cell interaction with biomaterials and subsequent inflammatory responses {Brodbeck, 2003 #56;Jenney, 2000 #55;McNally, 2008 #504;Wilson, 2005 #57}. Currently, expression of at least 11 integrin subunits has been identified in immune cells {Luo, 2007†¦show more content†¦Interestingly, it has been shown that fibrinogen-mediated acute inflammatory responses to implanted biomaterials are induced by the RGD sequences in fibrinogen {Tang, 1996 #297}. The discovery of numerous resident tissue macrophages (OsteoMacs) on the endosteum and periosteum of bone may impact the bone formation process and is likely to play an important factor in the future design of implant materials for bone {Pettit, 2008 #233}. As mentioned above, the onset of inflammatory response is associated with bleeding at the fracture site that results in the development of a local hematoma. Inflammatory cells like polymorphonuclear leukocytes infiltrate the hematoma and tissue adjacent to the site of implant placement and secrete cytokines and growth factors {Anderson, 2011 #499;Forster, 2012 #321;Brodbeck, 2005 #500}. This process is controlled and regulated by various chemotactic and chemokinetic factors inherent in the inflammatory response {Ziats, 1988 #501}. This acute phase resolves between a few hours to days and progresses to a type of inflammation characterized by chronic infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes, which interplay to regulate their adhesion to the surface of the biomaterial and their proliferation {Anderson, 2011 #499;Hu, 2001 #49;Luttikhuizen, 2006 #472;Brodbeck, 2005 #500}. Integrins mediate adhesion of monocytes and macrophages to adsorbed conditioning films on implanted biomaterial sur faces containing fibronectin {Keselowsky,

Negotiation/Dispute Resolution - Viking Investments free essay sample

The purpose of this paper is to analyze a complex negotiation between Pat Olafson (Viking Investments) and Sandy Wood (WoodCrafters), from the perspective of Sandy. More specifically, this paper is written from the perspective of Sandy’s legal counsel. It is intended to provide Sandy with support and guidance for his negotiations with Pat. This negotiation holds critical significance for Sandy’s future, as a business owner, a homeowner, and an employer. As Pat Olafson’s business seems to be thriving, Sandy finds himself at a critical impasse in his professional career. His business relationship with Pat has become one of financial dependence. There are three major financial issues, which Sandy must resolve in a timely fashion in order to avoid having to file for bankruptcy. These three issues include a renegotiation of lease terms, agreement on who is responsible for a lumber change order, and agreement on terms for the payment of $200,000 worth of loan principle. Sandy’s attorney will be addressing the following major topics: Negotiation Preparation Interest-Based Bargaining Assessment of Opposing Party Negotiating Goals/Strategy Interest-Based Bargaining Given the complex and potentially contentious nature of this negotiation, it seems to lend itself well to Interest-Based Bargaining. Given the harsh facts that Sandy is faced with regarding his company’s financial position, it is possible that Sandy and Pat’s reservation points lack positive overlap or that this negotiation will involve no more that a small amount of bargaining surplus. Furthermore, although Sandy is facing some very contentious issues, there are obvious benefits to maintaining a positive long-term relationship with Pat and Viking Investments. Therefore, applying a traditional negotiating style or a distributive negotiating style to this negotiation would likely be an ineffective approach for Sandy to take. In other words, with such a small amount of pie on the table, attempting to slice the pie isn’t likely to go in Sandy’s favor. A better approach would be to focus on the underlying interests of both parties and attempt to expand the pie. If understood and practiced by both parties, Interest-Based Bargaining seems to be an appropriate means to this end. In Interest-Based Bargaining, the following concepts are used to review and analyze each negotiation: Interests Options Standards People Alternatives Closure Interests Sandy’s main underlying interest going into this negotiation is the financial health of both his company and his family. He is on the verge of bankruptcy, which would cause him to have to close his company’s doors and sells his house. He has 25 employees, which he would like to keep employed. He has a home/investment property that he would like to hold onto until the housing market rebounds. Options- Sandy’s potential options are very limited at this point. Pat effectively holds the key to Sandy’s financial future. If Pat refuses to negotiate reasonable terms to any of the major issues in this negotiation, Sandy will have no choice but to file for bankruptcy. People- Pat Olafson is a local investor and real estate developer. In comparison to Sandy, Pat has been very financially successful. Their relationship seems to be multi-layered. Pat plays the role of bank, landlord, and client to Sandy and WoodCrafters. While not illegal, or even immoral, allowing one person, or entity, to have so much control over your business life isn’t the wisest decision. In addition, the combination of Pat’s success and Sandy’s hardships seems to have caused Sandy to be jealous of Pat’s success. It would be in Sandy’s best interest to recognize that his perception of Pat bears no significance on this negotiation. Sandy would be best served by leaving his perceptions behind and keeping his emotions in check. Alternatives- Sandy’s alternatives are have become extremely limited. Because of the $200,000 loan he took from Pat several years, his current credit status with other potential lenders, and the short time-frame in which he must pay for the lumber ($700,000), Sandy’s only real alternative to negotiating at this point would be to file for bankruptcy. One additional factor to this alternative is Sandy’s house. Payment for the lumber change order is due within 15 days, and if payment to the lumber supplier is even 1 day late, all of WoodCrafter’s assets, plus Sandy’s personal residence (and associated equity), will be seized. Effectively, Sandy’s alternative to negotiating some reasonable settlement terms regarding the main three issues at stake (loan, lease, and change order) would be to file for bankruptcy and start over from scratch. His business would be dissolved, employees laid off (likely never to return), his investment property would be lost, and his family would be without a home. In this instance, Sandy does not really have a reasonable BATNA (best alternative to negotiating). If Sandy were to walk away from the negotiating table without having secured an agreement with Pat, he would be committing to start his business and personal life over from scratch. Unfortunately, Pat holds the majority of the power in this negotiation. The contract language regarding the large change order is in Pat’s favor and Sandy legitimately owes Pat $200,000 worth of loan principle, which Pat has the right to demand at any time he sees fit. The one saving grace regarding Sandy’s BATNA (or lack thereof) is the fact that Sandy’s BATNA (bankruptcy and loss of his home/equity) would also negatively impact Pat as well. If Pat and Sandy cannot reach an agreement, Pat would also suffer along with Sandy. Pat would not receive his loan principle, he would lose a tenant, and he would likely no longer have the option of hiring WoodCrafters for his future carpentry work. Closure This is a very precarious situation for Sandy. The stakes are extremely high and nearly everyone who Sandy cares about in his private and professional life will be affected by the outcome of this negotiation. It is absolutely critical that Sandy puts himself in the appropriate mindset for this negotiation. Sandy needs to clear his mind of the details associated with how the events leading up to this negotiation transpired. He must be able to envision an amenable agreement settlement between Pat and himself prior to sitting down to the negotiating table. Pat may or may not want to quibble over the details regarding exactly what took place to get both parties to this point. Sandy will need to be prepared to discuss those details in a respectful manner, but also redirect the conversation to the most important issue, which is that if an agreement cannot be met, Sandy will be forced to file for bankruptcy. Sandy’s bankruptcy would have a lot of negative consequences for both individuals and their respective companies. Pat is a businessman. He will likely understand the consequences of Sandy’s potential bankruptcy. Because of this, this is one of the very few situations where sharing your BATNA would be recommended. Pat holds the majority of the power over Sandy. The only incentive that Pat will have to agree to the terms necessary to allow Sandy the time he needs to pay his outstanding bills is that the only other alternative is catastrophic for Pat as well. Therefore, in order to close a deal with Pat, it is recommended that Sandy lay his cards on the table. Assessment of the Opposing Party (Pat Olafson) As previously stated, Pat Olafson is a businessman. He seems to have a diverse portfolio of investment and development projects. The most critical concept that Sandy must keep in mind is that Pat Olafson is motivated by profit. Pat’s underlying interest, and his main decision making motivation, is driven by his desire to achieve financial success. Because of this fact, it is very likely that Pat will be able to recognize the pitfalls of not reaching reasonable terms for the three main issues at stake. Although Pat is likely not aware of it at this time, he too does not have a favorable BATNA. Because not being able to reach agreement with Sandy would mean that Sandy would file bankruptcy and Pat would likely not receive the $200,000 worth of loan principle that he is owed, Pat is  unlikely to have a better alternative to negotiating some terms of payment for the outstanding balance. It is important that Sandy does not misconstrue the fact that Pat does not likely have a feasible BATNA for power. Pat will be learning for the first time that his $200,000 receivable is in jeopardy. Like most highly successful businessmen, Pat has the potential to allow his ego to guide his decisions. While Sandy’s bankruptcy would hurt Pat’s bottom line, the consequences would not be nearly as significant to Pat as they are to Sandy. Therefore, it is important that Sandy keeps in mind who he is dealing with. If disrespected, Pat may be capable of allowing his narcicism to kick-in and opting to allow Sandy to experience failure out of an odd/twisted sense of moral principle. It is strongly advised that Sandy treads lightly when discussing the issue of bankruptcy, loss of his home/equity, etc. Rather than threatening Pat with the possibility of not being able to pay back the loan principle, it is advised that Sandy expresses his concerns for both parties in a sympathetic manner. While Pat does not necessarily need Sandy to succeed, there are very few quality carpenters left in the area, as a result of the poor economy. Pat may be able to find another tenant for his building. He may even be able to find another contractor to provide his carpentry services, but he will not be able to recover his $200,000 in loan principle if he cuts ties with Sandy. In addition, given their history, Pat may care for Sandy as friend. He may think of Sandy as someone whom he’d like to continue to do business with if possible. Negotiation Preparation/Approach In order to prepare for the negotiation with Pat Olafson, Sandy Wood must take the following steps: Prepare a clear and concise spreadsheet explaining his financial situation, and Adopt a respectful, non-jealous, and open-minded point of view. There are multiple issues to be discussed between Pat and Sandy. Each situation has its own set of circumstances and a significant amount of history. Sandy can expedite the negotiations by bringing a well-crafted spreadsheet to the conversation, which outlines the specific numbers involved with each of the three major issues at stake. It is important that this spreadsheet is drafted in a manner that shows both Pat’s numbers as wells Sandy’s numbers. Pat will not be receptive to any exhibits that seem to be biased towards Sandy’s position. Below is an example of a spreadsheet that, if prepared prior to negotiations, and shared with Pat, could help explain Sandy’s position: It is clear from Sandy Wood’s characterization of his relationship with Pat Olafson that there is a significant amount of history between the two parties. They have been doing business with each other for a number of years, through good times and bad times. Both parties seem to have a mutual respect for one another, however, there also seems to be some resentment between the parties as a result of their business dealings. Certain disagreements exist between the parties due to unfortunate misunderstandings. It is absolutely critical for Sandy Wood to approach this negotiation as though those personal disagreements did not exist. Who is right or wrong, moral or immoral, is entirely irrelevant at this point. The main factors for Sandy to keep in mind are The contract says that change orders must be approved in writing, and Both parties need to reach an agreement regarding the lease, the loan, and change order in order to avoid serious financial loss. Sandy can help his cause by treating Pat with respect and expressing appreciation for his generosity and continued business. Focusing on a desire to maintain a quality business relationship in the future is the best course of action. Negotiation Strategy

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Winning the Lottery free essay sample

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Winning the Lottery Have you ever wished that you had won the lottery? The lottery can change your life forever but it can also be changed in unexpected and drastic ways. The possibilities of what happens after you win the lottery are in your hands. You could lose your friendships and family members trust or maybe you could be intelligent with the money youve won and create for yourself endless possibilities, one this is for sure your privacy is going to be diminished. Its all up to us and how we want to peruse the rest of our life after we won the jackpot. When we win the lottery the first and only thing is in our mind is the money. We are so oblivious to anything else that we shut them out of our lives for a long period of time. Due to these actions we may break bonds and weaken our relationships with family members. We will write a custom essay sample on The Advantages and Disadvantages of Winning the Lottery or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Eventually someone that was your best friend will now be just an acquaintance. You may think that close family relationships will last forever, but this isnt always true. Even family members will begin to forget or maybe even despise, you due to the fact that all you care about is the money and not about anything else. But this doesnt have to be the case. All you have to do is recognize them for who they are and what they truly mean to you. If you truly are an money wise person than the possibilities are endless. Money doesnt buy you happiness but they might demolish any boundaries that you may have had before. This doesnt mean that you should buy a big house and a nice car and buy whatever you want; all it means is if you are smart and you dont go straight out on a shopping spree that money will last forever. If you invest and save (by not quitting your job) you can have a lifestyle without limitations and you can do whatever your heart and mind desires. You dream of having endless possibilities which you do, after a while though when you win the lottery your life will be turned upside down for awhile; media, news reporters, etc. will be crowding over you like honey attracts flies . They ( the media, news reporters, etc) will follow you almost everywhere to figure out what type of a person you really are . The lack of privacy is unbearable for some. This can lead to other isadvantages such as the high chance of bankruptcy, due to your high media profile. The lack of privacy has even led to some people killing themselves. This will go on for some time, so dont expect youll have such a quiet life in the beginning of you lotto experience. The lottery is a tricky thing. It appears so good to you with its flashing headlines One thousand dollars for life or Dream big, live big but really is it that great? Its all about the choices you make and how you carry through will them afterwards. So now you tell me is it really worth it?

Pleasantville Analysis of Film Techniques against the Theme of Change

Pleasantville Analysis of Film Techniques against the Theme of Change How are we made aware of the filmmaker's attitude towards change? Refer to three specific episodes from the film. (excl. concl. stages)In Pleasantville, the filmmaker, Gary Ross, conveys his attitude towards change through the characters of David and Jennifer who are transported into the 1950s sitcom "Pleasantville". He doesn't necessarily demonstrate change to bear a positive result; rather, he addresses that change is essential to the development of society and self and that it is important to understand and accept change. Ross contrasts the ignorance and mindlessness of the unchanged people of Pleasantville with the hunger for knowledge that the changed (or coloured) people possess, communicating to the viewer that change and knowledge go hand in hand.Ross also portrays and somewhat satirises an unchanged society's people to be ruled by their own mindlessness, and in their epiphany, translates to the viewer that change can come from within or from outside one's self but is differe nt for everyone.Map of Westchester highlighting PleasantvilleDark overtones are used to parallel the Pleasantville to a society under fascist rule. However, in the end, change will always affect everyone and this new understanding will help to overcome the changes encountered in the future that may seek to detriment the society. The three scenes which will be discussed in relation to the filmmaker's attitude towards change are the breakfast scene, the classroom scene, and the rain scene.The breakfast scene is the scene where Betty is piling food on other food and topping it off with maple syrup for Mary-Sue's breakfast. The audience is overwhelmed at the ridiculous amount of food that is being placed on her plate, which is shown by extreme close-up and cuts of the shots of every time another food item is slapped onto the plate, and is accompanied by an upbeat...

The Different Periods of Ancient Greek Art

The Different Periods of Ancient Greek Art As it happened centuries later with a handful of Renaissance painters, ancient Greek art tends to be thought of in vague terms- vases, statues and architecture produced a long (unspecified) time ago. Indeed, a long time has passed between us and ancient Greece, and thinking like this is a good starting point, really. The vases, sculpture and architecture were huge innovations, and artists forever afterward owed an enormous debt to the ancient Greeks. Because so many centuries and different phases encompass ancient Greek art what well try to do rather briefly is to break it down into some manageable chunks, thus giving each period its due. Its important to know that ancient Greek art was mainly comprised of vases, sculpture and architecture, lasted around 1,600 years, and covered a number of of different periods. The Different Phases of Ancient Greek Art There were many phases from the 16th century BC until the Greeks suffered defeat at the hands of the Romans at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. The phases are roughly as follows: Mycenaean Art occurred from roughly 1550-1200 BC on the Greek mainland. Although the Mycenaean and Greek cultures were two separate entities, they occupied the same lands successively. The latter learned a few thing from the former, including how to build gates and tombs. Besides architectural explorations including Cyclopean masonry and beehive tombs, the Mycenaeans were awesome goldsmiths and potters. They raised pottery from merely functional to beautifully decorative, and segued right out of the Bronze Age into their own insatiable appetite for gold. One suspects that that the Mycenaeans were so wealthy they werent satisfied with a humble alloy.Around 1200 and the Homeric fall of Troy, the Mycenaean culture dwindled and died, followed by an artistic phase known both as Sub-Mycenaean and/or the Dark Ages. This phase, lasting from c. 1100-1025 BC, saw a bit of continuity with the previous artistic doings, but no innovation.From c. 1025-900 BC, the Proto-Geometric phase saw pottery beginning to be decorated with simple shapes, black bands, and wavy lines. Additionally, technique in the shaping of pots was being refined as well. Geometric Art has been assigned the years of 900-700 BC. Its name is utterly descriptive of the art created during this phase. Pottery decoration moved beyond simple shapes to also include animals and humans. Everything, however, was rendered with the use of simple geometric shapes.Archaic Art, from c. 700-480 BC, began with an Orientalizing Phase (735-650 BC). In this, elements from other civilizations began to creep into Greek art. The elements were those of the Near East (not exactly what we think of as the Orient now, but remember the world was a lot smaller in those days).The Archaic phase is best known for the beginnings of realistic depictions of humans and monumental stone sculptures. It was during the Archaic period that the limestone kouros (male) and kore (female) statues were created, always depicting young, nude, smiling persons. Note: The Archaic and subsequent Classical and Hellenistic periods each contained separate Early, High, and Late phases just like the Italian R enaissance would further on down the road. Classical Art (480-323 BC) was created during a golden age, from the time Athens rose to prominence to Greek expansion and right up until the death of Alexander the Great. It was during this period that human statues became so heroically proportioned. Of course, they were reflective of Greek Humanistic belief in the nobility of man and, perhaps, a desire to look a bit like gods. They were also the result of the invention of metal chisels finally capable of working marble.Hellenistic Art (323-31 BC)- quite like Mannerism- went a wee bit over the top. By the time Alexander had died and things got chaotic in Greece as his empire broke apart, Greek sculptors had mastered carving marble. They were so technically perfect that they began to sculpt impossibly heroic humans. People simply do not look as flawlessly symmetrical or beautiful in real life as those sculptures portray, which may explain why the sculptures remain so popular after all these years.

Human Resource in action (Hospitality Industry) Essay

Human Resource in action (Hospitality Industry) - Essay Example An applicant searches for a job that matches his or her skills. The details of a job are specific for a particular opening. In each opening, there is a short introduction of the recruitment objective of the company regarding the position. The information here includes a short description of the company and the need for the position. The description also entails the qualities of a possible candidate to fill the position. The qualities expressed relates to the personal and professional attributes that are desirable for the vacant position. The websites also describe the nature of the jobs and the attributes that the company looks for in a person. The objective is to prepare the candidates to learn and appreciate the existing corporate identity and culture of the company. The academic requirements of a potential candidate are also outlined with a required level of experience. Consequently, the websites provide the benefits that successful candidates reap from working for the companies. The websites also assure candidates of equal employment chances for all persons regardless of ethnicity, religion, race and gender. The application and selection process is totally based on merit. The sites are very informative about the companies and the job particulars. The websites do well in dissipating the corporate culture and providing as much detail as possible regarding the opportunity. The details ensure that the posts are clear and only qualified candidate tender their application. Moreover, the websites are doing well in terms of presentability. The design of the websites is appealing and thus attracts potential applicants. They are also easy to navigate with clear links. The ease of searching a job vacancy on the site is simplified through a search tab. The ease of use attracts more applications, thus offering the companies a wider pool of talent. Despite the ease of use and clear descriptions, there are several recommendations that

Writer's topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Writer's topic - Essay Example The explorers who were initially driven by mere curiosity later began to develop interest on products, resources as well as resources available in Africa which they took back home to their financiers. Henry Stanley Morton was the most notable explorer who contributed a lot to the beginning of the scramble for Africa. He was personally hired by King Leopold II of Belgium who wanted to create his own colony along River Congo. The explorers established that slave trade was still going inland part of Africa and therefore several European nations that were advocating for abolition of slave trade had to move in to Africa to ensure total end to slave trade thus triggering the scramble for Africa. Capitalism in Europe further encouraged the scramble as nations sought to locate raw materials for their industries while major inventions in transport, military and medicine facilitated the events (Ghazvinian, 012-019). The European nations were able to subject Africans societies to formal colonia l rules because they developed strategies that were able to work effectively for them. Such include signing of treaties with the African chiefs which allowed for indirect rule, use of force in some places since they had superior weapons and the fact that some of them decided to settle permanently in Africa. They enticed African leaders with gifts in exchange for their territories and promises of assistance in tackling their enemies which paved way for their dominance and formal rule (Nutting, 30). Colonial rule played a key role in shaping the face of modern day African countries in various ways ranging from political, economic and social aspects which are either positive or negative. Colonial rule introduced capitalism in Africa which has caused a great imbalance in the allocation of resources resulting in power struggles between the few rich and the majority poor. This has resulted in

Resume Professional Profile Essay Example for Free

Resume Professional Profile Essay Professional Profile A dedicated professional consultant with experience in management and business organization. Client focused, management driven, goal oriented, a team player, detail and research oriented, enterprising work ethic and solid integrity. Accountable and well organized. Skills and Certifications Primavera Software Complete MS Office package; Including MS Project, WordPerfect, Outlook Calendar, Registrar, Corel Draw, PageMaker,  Calendar Creator Plus E-mail, Internet design programs, SAVRR, CSTX System, Phoenix Typing 110 wpm, 10-key/touch Dbase III, Visio, Training Server Registration TAS Navigator Upgrade MS Access, Viewpoint   Purchasing Plus software, Blue-stake EZ-Trak P3 Scheduling Document Express Documentum Expedition IRMO RMS   Maximo Professional/Interpersonal Skills Asset Recognition Transfer – government to government, contractor to government; received recognition for leading the AFCEE Contractors in top closeouts at PMR Knowledge of Project Management Portals used by various AFCEE contractors (lap. lagunaconstruction; Ecconet; kbrconnect; URSConnect) Primavera Expedition Document Controls Administrator Contract Data Requirement List (CDRL) Experience with: JCCI, NAFVAC, AFCEE, MOE, MOD, DOD, COE Overseas Project Close-out/De-mobilization Plans (JCCI, NAFVAC, AFCEE, MOE, MOD, DOD, COE) close-out and turned over 600 projects totaling over 3 billion in revenue. SOP development and implementation Built and implemented Complete Document Control program (Halliburton ECCI) Catalogue Secure all Design As-Built drawings in accordance with SOP-206 Engineering Assistant Manage Overseas Man Camp/billets; security contracts; life support Team Development and Leadership training for Iraqi Local Nationals Manage Overseas Man Camp/billets; security contracts; life support Government Property Management for all Iraq and U.S. Area (JCCI, AFCEE, COE, PMO, NAVFAC, MNSTC-I) Task Orders, in-depth knowledge of the DD1354 and DD1149, DD250, Property Material Transfer and Supply procedures. International Logistics Manager Petty Cash Management / Payroll (maintain 100k average) Budgeting Skills Procurement Skills Contracts/Subcontracts (FAR) administration skills RFQ (request for quotes) Wrote, implemented, and manage the first AFCEE Warranty Program in Iraq Leasing skills Management and Organizational skills Facilities Management Skills ESL Instruction/Indochinese Refugees International Business Development Support (Proposal Production; Time line scheduling, etc.) Portal Maintenance; development; training and design Professional/Consulting Experience Laguna Construction Company, Baghdad, Iraq Project Manager-Task Order Contract Closeout Identify, perform QC/QA on all Contract Deliverables while interfacing with Client AFCEE/MNSTC-I for transfer of reach back and ongoing Task orders.   SME for JCCI/MNSTCI closeout processes for MoF closure of MoD contracts.   Maintain Company Database; on-site acting Contract Compliance Manager.   Set up and expedite best practices for company.   Other duties as team requires. Berger-URS-JV, PCO-GRD Baghdad, Iraq Closeout Control Manager for Facilities and Transportation Provide lead support role in project closeout activities.   Set metric-based goals, regular tracking and reporting close-out progress using computer applications.   Support transfer of facilities to owner.   Consolidate project files.   Manage electronic files, using Excel and database applications such as Maximo, IRMO, RMS and â€Å"P† drive.   Represent closeout group at weekly meetings and provide verbal and written reports.   Maintain action items and notifies designated managers of overdue items. Kellogg, Brown, and Root Services, CONCAP Program, International Locations Document Controls-Project Closeout Manager Project Closeout Specialist preparing deliverables for NAVFAC and preparing Demobilization and Closure Plan for submission.   Document Closeout – Primavera Expedition.   Implemented Documents Control sub-department and wrote SOP for Documents Control Specialist.   Delivered over 600 million in CONCAP Task Orders from Dec. 2005 thru July 2006. Document Control Manager (Procurement Materials) Serve as document liaison for Regional Baghdad PMP (Property, Materials and Procurement) operations in Taji, Camp Cooke.   Wrote and implemented theatre wide Data base program networked to encompass all PMP operations.   Reported on procurement, and contracting activities to Houston office.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Maintained records retention schedules for International/Military Documents.   Monitored quality reporting under Master Agreements as it relates contractually. Managed and reported petty cash funds between Regional offices in Baghdad Taji, Camp Cooke.   Manage logistics of office and field supplies. ECCI, AFCEE Program, Baghdad, Iraq  Ã‚   Administrative Operations Manager, Logistics Manager, Government Property Liaison Currently travel 75% of the time in Theatre, closing out Task Orders and Writing Closure/Demobilization plans for completed projects.  Ã‚   Responsible for preparing CDRL Deliverables in the form of Turnover packages on all Projects to Client.   Work closely with client on Portal management.   Manage the Iraq Post closeout Warranty program.   Tasked to write SOP’s in an effort to standardize practices within theatre. Currently work in Program Controls in a Management Capacity in the areas of International Logistics, Document Control implementation, Government Property Controls and Task Order Operations. When supporting An Numaniyah Military Base as Operations Administrative Manager, duties included the management of day to day Administrative operations. Supervised up to ten employees; maintained payroll; petty cash; timesheet maintenance and distribution for ECCI and private Consultants, set up complete file maintenance system; wrote and implemented Administrative Office procedures.   Acted as liaison between the Client and ECCI; developed and implemented first Document Control Category Classifier for Retention of Records in Iraq, handled Administrative Turn-over of a 58 million dollar project to our client, AFCEE. Implemented and closed-out Project Documents.   Coordinate with Security and Program Managers during development and implementation of the demobilization plan.   Primary point of contact for all incoming and outgoing logistics; including employees; supplies; mail; etc.   Maintained project leave schedule; including processing all forms for leave, expenses, petty cash disbursements, cash advances, and Personnel Change Notifications.   Supported the Project Cost Specialist by expediting invoices during leave; Implemented and delivered a complete inventory of Government Property. Updated six months of post dated Portal data, maintained and QC’d daily maintenance of ANMB Portal.  Ã‚   Worked with Headquarters to improve Portal delivery to AFCEE, and delivered feed-back to enhance Portal friendliness.   Continue to trained   Operations Assistants, Project Managers, and Quality Managers in all duties, focusing on Document Control; Portal Maintenance; petty cash distribution; and coping strategies of living and working in the field.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Performed all other duties assigned by Director of Operations and Program Controls. ECCI, UXO-CEA Program, Al-Taji Iraq Financial Specialist/ Logistics Coordinator Served in dual roles managing human resource documentation, employee time sheets, travel reimbursements, document control, and responsible for the following Reporting efforts:   Operations Reporting; SitRep Reporting, Weekly Corps of Engineer Reporting.   Maintained controlled file management for munitions records.   Serve as primary Dispatch for Taji Base operations.   Worked closely with Iraqi Nationals in the capacity of Contract Administrator for the Rafiadian Security force and served as the Local Labor force Liaison.   Attend Base Defense meetings, supervised two Iraqi Interpreters, and coordinated Billeting efforts with Parsons Logistics.   Developed and maintained close contact with Mayor Cell at Camp Cooke. Additional duties needed. Pierson Construction/Engineering Firm, Tempe Arizona Dispatch/Purchasing Agent Supervise company runner; Dispatch, Purchase and Coordinate 12 full crews on 15 open jobs in multi-million dollar Water and Sewer projects.   Managed various logs, purchase order preparations, price-out and award contracts for all materials and equipment.   Developed and maintain systems integrity within Company’s computer tracking system, and all other duties as assigned.   Expedited all below grade piping and aggregate from Suppliers in US and Internationally.    Dell Computer Corporation/Dell University, Austin, TX Administrative Specialist (Promotion w/in Dell Computer Corporation) Project centered position, supporting V.P. of Human Resources  Product Services Group.   Use high level of discernment and confidentiality working with employment, salary and stock option planning.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sr. Administrative Assistant   Support three program managers and one director by managing and coordinating meetings and training events between Suppliers, Executive Offices, and lines of business.   Outlook calendar and e-mail management. Record and distribute minutes for three Global Task Forces. Process and drive Contracts, Statement of Work, Non-disclosure Agreement’s, Purchase Requisitions and Orders, by working closely w/Procurement, Legal and Accounts Payable.   Coordinate all aspects of Inter-National and domestic travel for managers/director.   Utilized Excel to manage department Budget, and monitor metrics in Road mapping projects.   Proficient in Microsoft Access for tracking logistics, confirm training and vendor records. Program Administrator responsible for team of consultants contracted under QSAT.   General Office practices.    Office of the Attorney General, Austin, TX Training Specialist II, (Promotion within Office of the Attorney General) Developed, researched, delivered the following training: Customer Service, Stress Management, Telephone Etiquette, Office Administration, Records Management Retention Scheduling, WP6.1 intro and intermediate, WP5.1, Intro to Olivetti, CPR and First Aide, Financial Collections Procedures, Introduction to logistics, Human Resource, Technical, Safety, Management Training.   Traveled 70%.   Served as a consultant to various departments and field offices to understand specific requirements needs to provide research options and solutions.    Training Media Coordinator/Conference Meeting Planner Planned statewide logistics for conference/training space, food and beverage, vendor hospitality and sleeping rooms.   Handle special conferences as mandated by Director of Child Support.   Negotiated and processed contracts and associated paperwork for out-of-agency training facilities, sleeping rooms and equipment statewide. Developed and maintained a database for statewide training and conference events. Managed and planned build-out specifications and Building Inventory for 15 off-site PC training centers statewide.   Coordinated and maintained all Media.   Designed, coordinated, maintained and distributed training calendar state wide.   Previewing hotels in-state and out-of-state for possible conference sites.   Evaluated software packages for conversion of Training Scheduling and Database.   Systems Administrator-Registrar.    Education Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas Business Administration/Computer Science 1988 Austin Community College, Austin, Texas Accounting 1980 References Letters of Recommendation are available upon request

The Red Badge of Courage :: essays research papers

Unique in style and content, the novel explores the emotions of a young Civil War recruit named Henry Fleming. What is most remarkable about this classic is that the twenty-four-year-old author had never witnessed war in his life before writing this book. Crane's story developed to some degree out of his reading of war stories by Russian novelist Leo Tolstoy and the popular memoirs of Civil War veterans, yet he also deviated from these influences in his depiction of war's horror. Critics have noted that his portrait of war is an intensely psychological one, blending elements of naturalism, impressionism, and symbolism. Indeed, he broke away from his American realist contemporaries, including his mentor William Dean Howells, in his naturalistic treatment of man as an amoral creature in a deterministic world. For this reason, critical reactions to the The Red Badge of Courage in 1895 were mixed: some disapproved of Crane's use of the vernacularà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ the common slang of everyday folk and soldiersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ and the impressionistic technique. Crane also experimented with psychological realism, and his venture into the realm of the human psyche radically changed the common perception of the novel in America. As he faces combat for the first time, Henry experiences an intense array of emotions: courage, anxiety, self-confidence, fear, and egotistic zeal. Interestingly enough, the naturalistic flavor of the work operates against this serf-important ego. The individual is not of primary importance, as is evidenced time and again in the words of Henry's mother, fellow soldiers, and officers. Henry is often referred to quite impersonally as "the youth." The men, untried and untested, are treated like scared animals against the backdrop of inimitable Nature and War. Cra ne also used color imagery, both vibrant and subtle, to describe war. He describes a skirmish as sounding like a "crimson roar," for example, and writes of war as "the red animal." Crane's sense of color pervades the work; note his description of the sky, which remains "fairy blue" during the day, as if to underscore the indifference of nature to the carnage taking place.

Feminism in Virginia Woolf Essay

Virginia Woolf is regarded to be a modern literary figure. She was an English novelist and essayist who was a significant icon in London literary society. She was a member of the Bloomsbury group. Her famous novels are â€Å"Mrs. Dalloway†, â€Å"To The Lighthouse† and â€Å"Orlando† and the essay â€Å"A Room of One’s Own. † Contemporary feminists regard Woolf as an advocate of the movement. This paper will analyze Woolf’s background and some of her works to bring up points of her beliefs on the matter. Growing up in London, Woolf was influenced by a wide circle of Victorian society. Her father, Sir Leslie Stephen was an editor, critic and biographer. He had conections to numerous British writers including William Thackeray. Novelists such as George Elliot, Henry James, Julia Margaret Cameron, George Henry Lewes and James Russell Lowell often dropped by in their house. (Maze, 18, 1995) Woolf and her sister Vanessa were sexually abused by their half-brothers Gerald and George. According to modern scholars, this traumatizing experience triggered her nervous breakdowns. The deaths of her mother Julia Prinsep Stephen in 1895, her half-sister Stella in 1897 and her father in 1904 added salt to the wound. Woolf was institutionalized after her most alarming breakdown. (Maze, 20, 1995) Despite her mood swings, mental breakdowns and decline in social functioning, Woolf’s abilities to write remained. Biographers claim that Woolf’s marriage to Leonard Woolf was not consummated. According to them, she was a lesbian. Nonetheless, the couple had a tight relationship and often collaborated in the literature industry. Leonard Woolf was the publisher while Virginia Woolf was the writer. Hogarth Press published a majority of Woolf’s works. (Maze, 23, 1995) Woolf had a relationship with Vita Sackville West, an English poet and novelist. Their affair lasted for two years but thry remained friends. Other relationships with women were Madge Vaughn (the inspiration for â€Å"Mrs. Dalloway) and Violet Dickinson, a composer. There were also debates on whether Vanessa and Virginia also had an intimate and incestuous relationships or they were just close. (Maze, 24, 1995) Modern science explains Woolf’s disorder as a case of bipolar personality. On the verge of another nervous breakdown, Woolf commited suicide by drowning herself in the River Ouse. (Bowlby, 32, 1989) Students concentrating on Woolf and her works often analyze the lesbian and feminist themes in her novels, essays and short stories. For example, â€Å"A Room of One’s Own† discusses the difficulty female intellectuals and writers had to go through a time when men had more economic and legal power. What was instore for women in society and in education were unknown. This work exploited the obstacles, challenges and the anxieties of Woolf and other women writers during the 1930s. (Bowlby, 35, 1989) Women writers were afraid to write what they believed to be the â€Å"truth† because they were afraid that the academic world, which was made up by a majority of men, would disclaim their writings and describe it as mere opinions. A major problem of women writers in that decade was that tehyw ere not taken seriously. There was a disparity between male and female writers. The latter was said to be inferior. (Bowlby, 29, 1989). Woolf was a woman ahead of her time. One of the points she wanted to present was that a woman could be more than a housewife. She elaborated this by writing that women could perform the conventional duties in the household and have a career, in her case, an author, at the same time. She compared women who wait for the men to come home after work as objects, simply because they meet was was expected of them. (Lounsberry, 3, 1998) â€Å"Mrs. Dalloway† discussed themes on madness and feminism through two characters – Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Warren Smith. Clarissa represents economic and sexual repression whereas Septimus is the remedy to depression and insanity. Septimus’ suicide was an allusion to Woolf’s constant struggle with manic depression. Like the character, Woolf also hallucinated that the birdes were singing Greek. There was also an instance when Woolf tried to throw herself out of the window, the exact same way she wrote Septimus’ death. â€Å"Mrs. Dalloway† also touched bisexuality through Sally Seton, Clarissa’s partner. (Lotz, 26, 2003) â€Å"To The Lighthouse† presented a new method on understanding thoughts. This is Woolf’s masterpiece and one of her best autobiographies. She suggested that by understanding thoughts, the writer must spend a good amount of time listening to her thoughts and studying how her words and her emotions affect her mind with what she saw. (Lotz, 27, 2003) In order to look into Woolf’s take on feminism and gender equality closer, scholars carefully analyze Woolf’s influential novel â€Å"Orlando. † This is a semi-biographical novel that was inspired by Woolf’s passionate relations with Sackville-West. It is the story of Orlando, a young English man who didn’t want to grow old. One day, he woke up and realized that he was turned into a woman. He still had the same intellect and same personality but he had a woman’s body. (Lotz, 28, 2003) Through this work, Woolf wrote a semi-autobiography that presented lesbian love to its readers. Because of the delicate subject matter, â€Å"Orlando† was banned in the United Kingdom. Also, â€Å"Orlando† started the trend of the non-fiction genre in literature. The novel is both transgender and transgenre. (Lotz, 29, 2003) Woolf is the first activist who vied for woman’s suffrage. Through her works, she changed the views and ideologies of women writers. Because of her, women were no longer annonymous. Most importantly, they were noticed and their works were regarded to be as the same level as those of male writers. (Lounsberry, 4, 1998) She set the groundwork for transformative social changes. Her beliefs which she wrote from 1920s to 1940 clearly indicated a movement that was heading toward the direction for women’s suffrage rights. Woolf’s writings on feminisms as indicated in her public letters and â€Å"A Society† assessed the development of the feminist subversion by male scholars. (Lounsberry, 5, 1998) â€Å"Three Guineas† is Woolf’s essay that has the most explicit and clear statement on feminism. It provides a meticulous and well-researched observation on the subject matter. Woolf also presented her relations with different women’s organizations which share her agenda. (Lotz, 30, 2003) This is Woolf’s feminist work that is uncompromising. She assaults the domination and privilege of men toward women. The details that are elaborated and sustained from beginning to end argue that women are still capable of maintaining a fervid argument which is relevant for feminism then and now. Woolf might have neglected class and sexuality in some of her feminist works because this was a problem during her time. However, she does her best to present to her readers her objectives on why she wrote her three guineas – which are democratization, education and public professional acivity. (Lotz, 31, 2003) By analyzing these three guineas and the possiblity of what can happen if a woman takes on the important roles that are associated to these, Woolf enriches the understanding of females everywhere. She takes into account the evolution and the development of feminism by combating the image that had been founded by males. (Lotz, 32, 2003) Woolf’s creations are long, scholarly and complex but when read with a feminist perspective, these are impressive and takes the reader into the author’s personality, convictions and beliefs. If she were alive now, she would prefer to be called a humanist than a feminist. Simply because she was not obsessed with women, she was merely hoping that women would have the same rights, honors and privileges as of men. By compassionately exploring Woolf’s feminism, literary scholars poke into her sexuality and psychology that surround and precede in all her works. She was once quoted saying that ‘the triumph of learning is that it leaves something done solidly forever. ’ She did exactly just that – with her works and her movement toward feminism. Works Cited Maze, John R, â€Å"Virginia Woolf: Feminism, Creativity and the Unconscious†, pp. 18 – 24, Free Inquiry, Vol 15, Spring 1995 Bowlby, Rachel, â€Å"Feminist Destinations†, pp 32 – 29, National Review, Vol 41, November 24, 1989 Lounsberry, Barbara, â€Å"The Tales We Tell†, pp 3 – 5, New Statesman, Vol 127, January 16, 1998 Lotz, Amanda D, â€Å"Communicating Third Wave Feminism and New Social Movements†, pp 26 – 32, Women and Language, , Vol 26. 2003,

Wade and Tavris

Two of the renowned authors in the field of psychology Carole wade and Carol Tavris have been vocal in delivering psychology books which are famed for their critical thinking ideals. The topic of motivation has been high on their agenda and the two authors borrow heavily from Abraham Maslow who was a humanist psychologist. Most of Abrahams work involved ideals such as â€Å"self actualization and human potential†. Most of his work revolved around the concept of gaining fulfillment and attempting to get it by rising through various levels of needs. This as Abraham came to describe is the â€Å"hierarchy of needs† which is a pyramid. Abraham described it as one that provided â€Å"motivational strivings† for people to achieve its various stages. Maslow proposed a number of levels that make up the pyramid (Abraham, 1999). The bottom level contains basic needs; the second level contains security needs, with affection and belonging being in the third level. The fourth level contains self respect and self esteem needs while the last and fifth level is the self actualization (Wade and Tavris, 1998). Maslow emphasized the needs to fulfill the basic needs to some certain degrees before the other stages in the pyramid can be attained. Wade and Travis describe motivation as â€Å"an inferred process within a person or animal that causes movement either toward a goal or away from an unpleasant situation†. The authors argue that a competent animal will obviously have motives to achieve. Thus people will generally have the tendency of going through the various stages in the hierarchy of needs and thus possess goals and aspirations. The two individuals assert their positions that goals will have the effect of improving motivation but they have to be pegged on certain conditions. The two argue that in order for the goals to improve motivation then some of the characteristics that they have to posses is that they should be specific, challengeable but achievable and framed in such a way that what is being wanted supersedes what is unwanted. Wade and Tavris go further to describe types of goals which are performance and mastery (learning) goals. The two describe performance goals as those that are framed in such a way that an individual has enhanced performance in front of others and thus is judged favorably with little or no criticism being directed in his direction. Masterly (learning goals) on the other hand are framed in such a way that the individual works towards increasing his competence and skills. With these the two authors suggest that an individual’s main motivation will be to perform well in front of others or learning the skill for the satisfaction of it. The two renowned personalities tend to argue that praise may not be a motivation and they show this by giving an example of how a child may loose the pleasure or motivation of learning if the child is being praised for being smart. Motivation is regarded as one of the powerful tools that has the capability of enhancing performance and when the right form of motivation is found then the individual will achieve higher. Self efficacy which is an individuals belief that he they are capable of attaining goals, being efficient and learning new skills is one of the best motivations that an individual can have (Bandura, 1997). However the motivation will only work when the goals that are desired are achievable and thus the expectation that is pegged to the motivation should coincide with the attainability of the goal.

Analyse and compare two tabloid newspapers Essays

Analyse and compare two tabloid newspapers Essays Analyse and compare two tabloid newspapers Paper Analyse and compare two tabloid newspapers Paper Analyse and compare two tabloid newspapers one quality and one popular TABLOIDS are the newspapers that are printed on an A3 size of paper and contain more than just news and world events. In a tabloid, the news shares the content along with sports, advertisements and other features. In this part of my coursework, I plan to evaluate and compare the front pages of two British tabloid newspapers. THE DAILY EXPRESS For my analysis, I have chosen the published copy of the Daily Express dated 14th May 2004. The main photograph on the front page occupies around 20% of the whole side. The photo is of a well-recognised personage, Victoria Beckham. She is wearing designer clothes, dark glasses, and carries a handbag. She stands on a tiled floor. The sophisticated designers wear of the woman connotates her wealth; we also learn of her fame from her presence on the front page of the paper. The lighting of the photograph is on this woman; the background has been kept dark and mysteriously unknown. We can tell that the setting of the picture is negligible, as the photographer has deliberately left the background unfocused. The tiled floor gives the connotation of a public place. The unimportant setting is also realized from the proportions of the picture; the figure of the woman fills most of the frame, leaving as little background as possible. The womans expressions are not very positive; the picture is a snatch photograph where the subject is unaware of the photographer and hasnt posed. The body posture of Victoria Beckham with one leg ahead of the other and the face being turned away from the camera also supports the idea of a snatch photograph. Her stance implies that she may have been photographed while walking. Her facial expressions and lips suggest that she may have been talking. Such a snatch photograph can urge people to buy the newspaper because Victoria Beckham is a celebrity and a snatch photo of hers could make them want to find out what has been happening with her. The key article of the front page is not linked to the main photograph. The headline of this front page says, Abortion dad 13 : WE WERE GOING TO CALL HER CHLOE. The headline is a quotation, possibly used from an interview with the person involved. The newspaper claims that the front-page article is an exclusive, a story covered by their press only. This is an intelligent way to attract their audience, as people will believe that what they can read in the Daily Express they will not get a chance to read anywhere else. A puff (used for self-promotion) has also been used where the Daily Express has labelled itself as The Worlds Greatest Newspaper. There is also a byline telling the reader that the editorial has been written by the chief reporter of the Daily Express. The topic of the main article concerns the abortion of the baby of two teenagers, one 13 and the other, 14 years old. It fundamentally tells the reader of the opinions of the couple and their relatives, on the abortion of the unborn child. There are approximately 104 words in the article, with 13 lines and about 8 words in each line. The editorial begins with a stand first; an introductory paragraph that tells the reader what the story is about. We are then given information on the main people involved in the incident. Finally, the opinions of related people are given, leaving the article somewhat unfinished, with a potential libel. However, it is difficult for the reader to guess if the claims made by the paper are true or false. The most important piece of information in the whole piece of writing is given at the very end of the article; this is where the reader learns that the mother of the pregnant girl had not been told about the abortion and was considering suing for assault. This is what leaves us at a kind of cliffhanger, as we do not find out if the mother did sue. The reader may also doubt if this claim made by the paper is true. The article is structured so that it gives some basic facts at the very beginning and the reader can know whom the story is about. Every piece of information is put down very briefly, with about half a sentence for all the different sides of the story. By and large, the Daily Express has decided to make the headline as eye-catching as possible, but has left the actual critique very concise. Being typical of tabloids, the front page does not have as much of concrete news as it has other items. THE TIMES The Times tabloid is a highbrow. Originally, a broadsheet newspaper, the tabloid is a bit lighter, but with the heavy content of the broadsheet Times. For my analysis of The Times, I have chosen the published copy dated 14th May 2004. The focal picture on the front page occupies about 40% of the side. It is the photograph of a woman standing all alone in a very big stadium. She is not an acknowledged person. Her face is expressionless with her chin held high. She wears simple clothes with ordinary colours and no accessories. Her hair has been tied back in a rough, clumsy manner. The proportions of the stadium to the woman are huge. This gives the reader the connotation that the setting of the photograph is much, much more important than the subject in it. This is also realised from the fact that the woman is not a well-known person. The photographer has wanted to make the reader focus on the location of the picture. The expressions on the womans face are rigid, and her body, stiff. In vast vicinity, she is the only person the reader can see. Although she stands at the centre of a huge stadium, we are given the impression that she does not have the freedom of moving about. The woman has posed for the photograph and looks straight into the camera. A caption has been used underneath the picture, telling us its location and about the subject in it. It also tells us why it has been taken so that a person who sees the picture can read the caption and decide if they are interested in reading the article that it is linked to. The Times is very different from the Daily Express. The Daily Express has tried to catch the attention of its audience by putting the image of a popular celebrity on the front-page so that people get curious to know what all they can find out about her. They have used the figure of a posh and trendy figure, in a snatch pose. The populace can tell by looking at the photograph that what they can find out about Victoria Beckham in the Daily Express, may not be from her own words, but inside information about her private life. In comparison to the Daily Express, the Times has concentrated on a calculated photograph. For attracting an audience, they have chosen to display how far they have progressed into a particular issue and important information that they have researched on world events. They focus on the venue of the picture, whereas, the Daily Express only focuses on the individual they know people will be attracted towards. The headline on the front page of the Times reads : Army to block fuel revolt. The headline gives the reader information about a government organisation and a decision that may be undertaken in the near future. There is also a strapline (a secondary headline) above the headline, separated from it by the photograph, which says, On the night of another bombing in Athens, I spent two hours inside the Olympic stadiums ring of steel. The audience will believe these to be the words of the woman from the main picture. Consequently, they will feel inquisitive about knowing what occurred with her. The item on the front page is a Splash; it is the only main article on that side. The editorial is about the price of petrol and revolts that may rise as a result of the increase in petroleum prices. It gives information on the involvement of the army in the matter and also about fuel shortages that have occurred in the past. The entire item consists of 94 lines with about 4 words in every line, hence resulting in approximately 376 words on the whole. The most significant information is given at the very beginning of the article where the reader is straightaway plunged into the issue, being fed facts on how the government has plans to prevent fuel revolts and the participation of the armed forces. The first paragraph sums up everything that the editorial has reported overall. After the first paragraph, the reader can choose if they wish to go into the details of the event. We are firstly given information about the people involved in the affair and then about the steps that may be getting carried out in its concern. We are educated about the history of the whole issue and why steps are being taken to stop certain things. There is a byline telling the reader that the article has been written by the Transport Correspondent of the Times. The Times has used Self Regulation as it has agreed on a Code of Conduct to keep all material legal, decent, honest and truthful. The dissimilarity between the Daily Express and the Times starts at the very beginning, with the headlines. The headline of the Times shortens down the most important fact of the front-page article, while the Daily Expresss headline is a quotation from the main editorial. It gives the reader no clue on what the item is about so that they have to peruse the whole article to find out what the story is. The article of the Times hasnt claimed itself to be exclusive, like the Daily Express, and neither has a puff been used. The front-page item of the Daily Express concerns a trivial but drastic event. However, the Times tells the reader about a vital event taking place in the world. In the entire front-page editorial of the Daily Express, the reader only learns of the event and the people associated with it. The Times, on the other hand, tell us what the event is, its history, its causes, consequences and what is being done about it. The news of the Daily Express is more personal than the Times, which gives a broader view of a big world event. The article of the Daily Express begins with a stand first. A person will only get to know of the people involved in the issue by reading the first paragraph; to find out the whole story, they will need to read the whole item. In contrast to this, the Times gives its readers the most important information at the very beginning and the readers, then being knowledgeable about the event, can choose whether or not to carry on reading. Overall, the Daily Express has made its front-page very appealing and the Times has published theirs closer to a broadsheet. The following table compares the overall content of the Times and Daily Express :- THE TIMES THE DAILY EXPRESS NEWS 60% 45% FEATURES 18% 10% ADVERTISEMENTS 10% 10% SPORT 10% 25% OTHER 2% 10% A quality tabloid follows all the traits of a tabloid newspaper, but its news content is a shortened version of the same broadsheet paper. Alternatively, a popular tabloid doesnt give very much of news, especially on the front page. It is more concerned in making its front-page eye-catching, to make more of the public buy it.

Insights on Love and Marriage From Social Scientists and Aziz Ansari

Insights on Love and Marriage From Social Scientists and Aziz Ansari The big news at 2015s annual meeting of the American Sociological Association was that actor and comedian, and now author, Aziz Ansari would be in attendance to participate in a panel discussion about his new book  Modern Romance, co-authored with sociologist Eric Klinenberg. On Saturday August 22, a huge crowd of sociologists awaited the insights on dating, mating, and marriage that would be shared not just by Ansari and Klinenberg, but also by Christian Rudder, the founder of OK Cupid; biological anthropologist Helen Fisher; and psychologist Eli Finkel. What followed was a fascinating hour and a half of presentations and discussion among the panelists and audience, including these thought-provoking and helpful insights and tips on modern romance. Romantic Love is a Drive Following analysis of brain scans of people in love, Fisher and her research team found that the part of the brain activated by romance is the same one that controls basic needs like thirst and hunger. Fisher concludes from this that romantic love is not only a basic human need, but also a drive that shapes how we act in the world. She explained that it is associated with wanting, craving, focus, energy, and addiction, and that it is separate from but adjacent to both where our sex drive resides in the brain, and the part of our brain that is activated by attachment, which is something that grows out of romantic love over a period of time. Love at First Sight is Totally Possible Fisher explained, after an audience member asked a question about the possibility for success of arranged marriages, that love at first sight is something that our brains are hard wired for. Brain circuitry for love is like a sleeping cat, she said, and can be awakened in a second. You can fall in love with someone instantly. According to Fisher, this is why a lot of arranged marriages work. People Dating Today Suffer a Paradox of Choice Ansari and Klinenberg found through talking to people in interviews and focus groups that dating in todays world, enabled and organized by social media and dating sites, presents people with a paradox of choicewe are so overwhelmed by the amount of potential romantic partners available to us that we find it very difficult to select one to pursue. Ansari pointed out how digital technology has enabled this, citing the example of a guy he spoke with who admitted to checking Tinder on the way to a date arranged by Tinder, and then checking Tinder in the bathroom after having given the current date just a few minutes of his time. Ansari and Klinenberg observed in their study that many young singles are simply not giving each other enough of a chance, and suggest that we need to employ the Flo Rida Theory of Acquired Likability Through Repetition (LOL but really). Ansari explained, Social science shows that the more time you spend with people, thats when you learn these deeper things and develop positive illusions, and the Flo Rida theory basically just states that ultimately, were all like a Flo Rida song. When you first hear it, youre like, All right, Flo Rida, Ive heard this shit before. This is very similar to what you put out last summer. But then you keep hearing it over and over and youre like, All right, Flo Rida, youve done it again. Lets dance! Our Dates Are Too Boring Related to the previous point, Ansari and Klinenberg learned through their research that people are quick to move on from a potential romantic interest after just one date because most of us arrange terribly boring dates. We go out for a meal or a drink and essentially exchange resumes and life histories, and very few of us have an especially good time. Instead, they suggest, we should organize dates around fun and exciting events that give us an opportunity to see what each person is like in a social setting, and to bond over a shared experience. Ansari referenced sociologist Robb Willers Monster Truck Rally Theory, which is based on the experience of Willer and his friends, who started taking dates to monster truck rallies, at which both parties had a great time, and many pairs blossomed into couples with great relationships. We Put Far More Pressure on Marriage Today than We Did in the Past By looking at the way what a marriage is and what we expect of one has evolved over time, psychologist Eli Finkel found that today people expect marriage to provide not only love and companionship, but also to facilitate personal growth and self-expression. According to Finkel, these expectations are far greater than those people have had for marriage in the past, and the problem is, married people today are spending less time together than in decades prior, so they are not putting enough time into their relationships for those expectations to be fully met. He suggests that this is related to a long-term decrease in marital happiness. So, Finkel offers that if people really want marriage to meet these needs, then they need to devote more time to their partners. However, he also observed that those who are doing it are doing it really well, as evidenced by how the proportion of people who are blissed out in their marriages has increased simultaneously while overall marital happiness h as declined. Heres hoping you can deploy these insights and tips as you date, mate, and marry.

The role of SHIPPING BUSINESS in the ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT of a country Assignment

The role of SHIPPING BUSINESS in the ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT of a country is important. Hence, MARITIME TRANSPORT plays a significant role in that development. Discuss - Assignment Example e significant for the movement of the goods and services are fixed infrastructures, means of transportation and organizational system which is quite significant for ensuring that ships and fixed infrastructures are used in an effective and efficient manner (Samija, n.d.). Since its foundation in the 3200 BC as Egyptian coastal sail ships, it can be observed that the maritime transportation has endorsed in the global trade. It was during 1200 BC, most of the Egyptian ships were found to trade as far as Sumatra which has been observed to be one of the lengthy maritime routes of that particular time. European regal powers, generally England, Netherlands, Spain and France were the first countries to develop a worldwide maritime trade network. Maritime transportation can be considered as a derived demand. It has been noticed that seaborne trade led to 89.6% of the world business and 70.1% in terms of value in 2006 (Tamiotti & et. al., 2009). When considered in terms of ownership, maritime shipping is found to be a globalised industry. Maritime transportation is geographical by its physical characteristics, strategic in terms of control as well as commercial in terms of usage and thus tends to run on its own space similar to land and air modes. Rivers and oceans are considered to be the two main components of physiography of maritime transportation. Modifications made to the water canals, augmentation of the size and specialization of vessels have been because of the technological alterations that had a major impact upon the water transport. It has been noted that the significance and configuration of maritime route has altered with economic developments as well as technical developments (Rodrigue & et. al., n.d.) A noteworthy characteristic of the economies of shipping is mainly focused upon its capital costs thereby demanding financing. It is due to their size, ships demonstrate a noteworthy capital outlay. One of the crucial benefits of maritime transportation is

Alfred Russel Wallace Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Alfred Russel Wallace - Research Paper Example However, only Wallace and other two of his nine siblings (Fanny and John) survived past early adulthood. The deteriorating financial condition of Wallace’s family interrupted his education. However, his home was a rich source of maps, books as well as gardening activities, which Wallace recalled later with pleasure. He notes in his autobiography that he devoted far more time to the games that he played as a child than to the lessons that he received at school, and he found this to be boring and painful. Nevertheless, Wallace was a realistically good student since in his last year of school; he assisted in teaching the younger pupils. This anomalous position of being both a teacher and a pupil was especially repugnant to the tall young man, and he suffered from recurring dreams of colossal torment at school for two decades (Wallace & Camerini, 4). As discussed earlier, Wallace grew up in an underprivileged background, what may be designated as rural middleclass in rural Wales a nd then in Hertford, England. This upbringing was very different from that of other Victorian scientific counterparts (Wallace & Camerini, 4). ... He also had the opportunity of travelling abroad, which gave him exposure and respect for ‘savages’ (persons from non-European cultures) and to the colonial exploitation systems that they were exposed to. Therefore, that his enduring identification with the underdog eventually resulted in his becoming a socialist is not astounding (Wallace & Berry, 1). Wallace explains in his autobiography that in the second quarter of the nineteenth century, Britain’s economic base revolutioniz d from agriculture to manufacturing and the British Empire grew in power as well as in size. This was a period of new opportunities as well as mounting dissent. The traditional values of Britain’s agricultural society were based on the status and wealth of the family where one came from. Industrialization and expansion into colonial lands subverted the staid social structure, and there resulted a substantial wealth and power re-distribution out of the need for expertise as well as s cientific knowledge in the change to a manufacturing society. This wide context shaped the life of Wallace while he was young, a context charged with difficulties to traditional forms of authority, particularly the Church of England along with political power based on heritage. The fact that Wallace’s interests ranged so broadly makes it very hard to apply a single label to him. Depicting him as a natural scientist would do for the early part of his life, but so would travel writer and geographer; one would have to add spiritualist, intellectual and social critic for the second half of his life. Equally difficult to pin down is his status within the scientific community. To some historians, Wallace was a loner, an outsider or the ‘other’ man who discovered evolution. These terms however

Write about a real contemporary problem where you see the status quo Essay

Write about a real contemporary problem where you see the status quo as lined up against something that is just or in favor of something that is unjust - Essay Example Although American slavery was abolished more than one hundred and fifty years ago, the legacy of slavery continues to have important ramifications on the lives of African-Americans today. Accordingly, African-Americans have lower-life expectancies than their white counterparts and the insidious legacy of slavery has continued health ramifications. Unequal access to healthcare is a contemporary problem with broad ramifications. Seeking to address inequality in health as a feature of the United States healthcare system, this essay will persuasively argue that African-Americans face a variety of health challenges in the United States and these challenges are a legacy of centuries of racism, represented today through discrimination and institutionalized racism in this country. (DHSS, National Healthcare Disparities Report, 2005). In the United States, health insurance coverage ensures that there is financial means by which basic health care can be accessed. Individual comprehensive health insurance plans depend on an individuals’ age, level of employment, residency, and race/ethnicity. Studies have shown that African-Americans do not receive the same care even if they have the same government funded insurance as their white counterparts, such as Medicare. For example, in a study conducted by the Brown and Harvard Medical Schools, researchers found that there were significant racial disparities within Medicare plans. In addition, they found that the quality of care was a factor concerning race and ethnicity among Medicare beneficiaries. This suggests that in addition to access to care, quality of care is different among ethnic groups. To this extent, racial difference in coverage may influence health disparities and inequities within the healthcare system. Medicare is a federal government funded insurance program for disabled young adults, persons above the age of 65, and those with permanent disabilities who become eligible for

Relationship between Headteacher and Teachers

Relationship between Headteacher and Teachers Teachers and head teachers play an imperative role in upholding and improving education standards in learning institutions. Head teachers are charged with the responsibility of overseeing the day-to- day operations of a school. Teachers on the other hand are very instrumental when it comes to imparting knowledge, discipline, beliefs and values to students. Over the years, a number of research studies have established a connection between high education performance among students and good relationship between head teachers and teachers. Thus it is evident that a good relationship between head teachers and teachers promotes a conducive learning environment that can lead to good performance amongst students. Basically, a healthy relationship between teachers and head teachers is one that is characterized by mutual respect, collaboration, trust and a common goal. In order for this to be actualized, it is important for head teachers to build a platform whereby teachers can learn new skill s, communicate about issue that affect them and eventually get motivation to perform their duties unreservedly (Harris, Day Hadfield p 67). The purpose of this study is to investigate how good relationships between head teachers and teachers can lead to success and better performance amongst students. Several relevant literatures will be reviewed to establish the various factors revolving around good relationships between head teachers and teachers. Furthermore, the reviewed literature will establish how good relationships between head teachers and teachers can lead to success and better performance amongst students particularly in primary schools. This study will explore various conceptual frameworks with regards to good relationships between head teachers and teachers. In order to gather data on the relationships between head teachers and teachers, several questionnaires were distributed to head teachers and four teachers in two primary schools in Saudi Arabia. The results of these questionnaires will be conveyed in this study, thereafter this study will provide a discussion based on the findings of these questionnaire s. Literature Review According to Mulkeen (2010, p108), head teachers are the senior leaders and managers of schools and thus they play an imperative role in the functioning of schools. Head teachers are expected to take responsibility in the overall management of the school this includes, managing teachers. Mulkeen notes that, too often head teachers tend to focus on external matters such as the schools communications with the education ministry instead of managing the operations of the school. This in turn causes them to be absent from school and as result certain issues affecting teachers are left unaddressed. Recent studies show that the rate of absentness amongst head teachers is relatively high as compared to that of teachers. The effective leadership of a headmaster positively influences the performance of both the teachers and students. On the other hand, ineffective leadership on the part of a head teacher can bring about disarray in educational goals and poor performance for both teachers and s tudents (Mulkeen 108). Indeed leadership is fundamental aspect in the vocation of head teachers. The form of leadership style that they exercise in their daily running of schools directly determines whether they will have good or bad relationships with teachers. In the book Primary teachers stress, the authors of this books, Troman and Wood (2001, p 61) explain that the phenomenon of teacher bullying is widespread in schools. A website study investigating issues with regards to bullying in the workplace indicated that 20% of the reported bullying cases in the workplace involved teachers. A third of the number of teachers involved in these surveys revealed that they were victimized by head teachers. Some head teachers are known to employing bullying and other form of tyrannical leadership styles with the aim of forcing teachers to discharge their duties accordingly. However, studies show that teachers who are mistreated or bullied in their workplaces tend to lack motivation to do their work and as a result their level of productivity is wanting, this in turn affects the performance of students in their academic work (Troman Wood 62). Troman and Wood (2001, p 63) further demonstrate that in cases of bullying teachers and head teachers are involved in a strong emotional relationship and the thus the quality of relationship between the head teachers and teachers influences the teaching practice (Troman Wood 63). In reference to the sentiments of Green (2004, p 235), the leadership styles used in the headship of a school determines the kind of relationship that head teachers have with teachers and the performance outcomes of teachers and students. Basically, there are six main options of leadership styles that can yield varied results that either influence the performance of teachers and students positively or negatively. These styles of leadership include, authoritative, affiliative, coaching, pace setting and democratic. Based on this hypothesis it is evident that the leadership styles employed by head teachers determines the sought of relationship that they will have with teachers and other subordinates. It is therefore worth questioning what kind of leadership should head teachers use to ensure that they have good relationships with teachers? (Green 235). A study commissioned by the National Association of Head teachers (NAHT) sought to establish the perspectives of both teachers and head teachers on effective school leadership. The findings of this study depicted that effective school leadership in the perspective of teachers entails the head teachers ability to form good relationships with teachers. Head teachers should be aware of the needs of teachers and they should take part in addressing the various issues that affect teachers. According to Harris, Day Hadfield (2003, p 67) teachers accentuate that they value their professional and personal relationship with the head teachers. Most teachers prefer a relationship with head teachers that will enable them to freely communicate with the head teachers concerning any issue revolving around their work. Harris, Day Hadfield observe that a good relationship between the head teachers and teachers is characterized by mutual respect, understanding and trust. Despite the fact that the head teachers are professionally superior to teachers, they should not use their authority to undermine or disrespect teachers. Instead they should foster a conducive work environment whereby teachers can be able to express themselves freely and grow professionally. On the other hand, teachers should also model ways in which they can work and build mutual respect and trust with their superiors, in this case head teachers (Harris, Day Hadfield 67). Harris, Day Hadfield (2003, p 67) further recommend that in order to establish a good relationship between head teachers and teachers, head teachers should embrace the contributions of teachers and show that their efforts and contributions are highly valued. In return teachers should be willing to be supportive towards the efforts of the head teachers. Moreover, a healthy work relationship between teachers and head teachers is one that enables and promotes the development of the teachers career. The development of the teachers career may sometimes change the type of relationship between head teachers and the teachers. As teachers gain more experience and skill in their career they become more confident in the articulation of their duties. According to the findings of a study commissioned by the National Association of Head teachers (NAHT), during the first years of their profession, a good number of teachers are often afraid of the head teachers thus their relationship with the head teachers is characterized by apprehension. In these instances teachers avoid seeking for help from the head teachers when they encounter difficulties (Harris, Day Hadfield 67). However, as they gain more experience, skills and knowledge most teachers tend to have friendly associations with the head teachers and hence they can seek for guidance and support from the head teachers. Based on the findings of this study, it is evident the development of teachers career can promote good relationship between them and the head teachers. Therefore head teachers should provide learning opportunities that will allow teachers to advance in their careers. Head teachers should anticipate and find ways of addressing the arising demands. Head teachers should prioritize on forming good relationships with teachers as this will inevitable contribute success and better performance amongst students (Avi-Itzhak Ben-Peretz 231). Recent research studies have shown that good relationship between teachers and head teachers is an imperative aspect when it comes to determining the effectiveness and success of schools. Researchers have identified that in successful school, teachers have a positive professional and personal relationship with head teachers. Moreover, in high performing and successful schools head teachers provide teachers with a platform to communicate on issues that affect them and opportunities to develop their careers as teachers (Thoms 196). Conceptual Framework The conceptual framework of this study is based on the assumption that the kind of leadership and motivation strategy employed by school head teachers determines whether or not they have good relationships with teachers. Consequently, the relationship between head teachers and teachers influences the performance of students in schools. Thus good relationships between head teachers and teachers can lead to success and improved academic performance amongst students. Klug (1989) observes that school leaders can determine the motivation amongst teachers by modifying the instructional climate at school. This will in turn determine the attitude of both teachers and students towards education. By efficiently prioritizing on their relationship with teachers head teachers can increase the motivation of students and teachers and directly impact the performance of students (Klug 19). Fredrick Herzbergs theory of motivation further draws a solid conceptual framework for this study. According to Herzberg, there are particular factors in the work environment that lead to quality performance and job satisfaction. At the same time there are certain factors that can bring about poor performance and job dissatisfaction. With reference to the sentiments of Hezerberg, when individuals in a work place are not satisfied with the working conditions they are bound to be less motivated and thus their productivity at work will be affected. Most employees are in search for gratification in terms of recognition, respect, appreciation, responsibility, the nature of their work and advancement. When these conditions are dully met in a work environment employee will feel motivated to give their best in their jobs and as a result pleasant results will be actualized (Oshagbemi 354). Herzberg recommends a two factor model of motivation based on aspects such as the certain characteristics that contribute to the satisfaction of employees at work and other characteristics that contribute to employee dissatisfaction at work. Therefore according to Herzberg both satisfying and dissatisfying characteristics are not in a scale with one increasing as the other diminishes rather these characteristics are independent phenomenas. Herzbergs theory suggests in order for productivity to be enhanced in workplaces, administrators should recognize and address both the satisfying and dissatisfying characteristics. Administrators should not presume that the increase in satisfying factors will inevitably decrease the unsatisfying factors (King 18). The kind of leadership style exercised by schools head teachers determines whether or not they will have good relationships with teachers. Leadership styles can be regarded as the manner in which a person in authority leads. The kind of leadership exercised by school head teachers is reflected on how they communicate with teachers, how they exercise their authority and power, this in turn affects teachers and students. Moreover, the leadership styles articulated by school head teachers influences they way in which they command and motivate teachers to realize the set academic goals. The manner in which school head teachers lead determines if they can effectively motivate teachers and maintain positive relationships with them. The main indicator of effective leadership is the level of motivation that teachers have to diligently have to carry out their duties. In order for teachers to feel motivated to carry out their duties head teachers have to maintain good relationships with teache rs. Thus head teachers should not only give priority to realizing high educational accomplishments but they should also give priority to maintain good interpersonal relationships with teachers. School head teachers should shun from using autocratic forms of leadership rather they should employ leaderships that will promote good relations between them and teachers , they should also exercise leadership styles that will motivate teachers to perform their duties with zealousness (Seashore Taber 346). On the other hand, the reaction of teachers to the leadership of their head teachers depends on the characteristics and values of the teachers. Given the fact tat relationships are two way , teachers also have the obligation of maintaining good relationships with head teachers. According to Seashore and Taber (1975, p 346), the productivity in a work environment is determined by the state of the internal organizational environment characterized by personnel relationship and leadership styles. Teachers are often satisfied with head teachers who are supportive and considerate. A study conducted by Keashly et al (1994, p341) revealed that negative relationship between leaders and employees largely contributes increased absenteeism and reduced productivity (Keashly 341). Basically, the conceptual frame work of this study accentuates that the kind of leadership and motivation strategy employed by school head teachers determines whether or not they have good relationships with teachers. Co nsequently, the relationship between head teachers and teachers influences the performance of students in schools. Based on this theoretical framework, it is apparent that when head teachers maintain positive relationships with teachers schools are bound to be successful (Klug 19). Methodology In this study questionnaires were used as the primary source of collecting data. Questionnaires were preferred due to their suitability for this study, questionnaires enabled the researcher to collect information from a large sample within a short time. The use of questionnaire in this study incurred less costs and time as compared to other methods of data collection. Furthermore, the use of questionnaires in this study ensured confidentiality and as a result respondents were at ease to give honest, candid and objective responses. For this study questionnaires were prepared and distributed to two head teachers and four teachers in two primary schools in Dharan City, Saudi Arabia. The questionnaires largely incorporated closed ended and few open ended questions. The closed ended questions required either the teachers or the head teachers in these schools to reply by marking the relevant multiple choices provided as; always, sometimes, never. On the other hand the open ended questions required the respondents to briefly state their opinion regarding the matter in question. Prior to issuing the questionnaires to the various respondents, the researchers explained to the respondents the purpose and aims of the study. Respondents were encouraged to give honest, candid and objective responses. The questionnaires distributed to the four teachers in the various primary schools had five main sections. The first section consisted of one open ended question and three closed ended questions geared towards evaluating whether the head teachers of the alleged schools helped teachers to develop their careers by providing opportunities that will enable teachers to learn new skills and have new experiences. The second section of the questionnaires distributed to teachers comprised of five closed ended questions and one open ended question geared towards evaluating whether the head teachers of the alleged schools encouraged collaboration amongst themselves and teachers with regards to decision making , educational processes and displinary matters. The third section of the questionnaires comprised of four closed ended questions and one open ended question geared towards evaluating whether the head teachers of the alleged schools build communication processes characterized by trust. The fourth section of the questionnaires comprised of four closed ended questions and one open ended question geared towards evaluating whether the head teachers employed strategies to motivate the teaching staff. The fifth section of the questionnaire comprised of one open ended question assessing the effectiveness of the head teachers leadership. The questionnaires distributed to the two head teachers in the various primary schools had five main sections. The first section assessed whether the head teachers helped teachers to develop in their careers. The second section assessed whether the head teachers encouraged collaboration between them and teachers with regards to educational processes and decision making. The third section assessed whether the head teachers build trustful communication processes that enable teachers to share their ideas and convey their grievances. The fourth section of the questionnaire section assessed whether the head teachers employ strategies geared towards motivating the teaching staff. The final section of the questionnaire sought to find out the challenges that head teachers encounter in their relationships with teachers and how they address these challenges. Notwithstanding the benefits of using questionnaires, the use of questionnaire in this study had certain limitations. For instance the format of the distributed questionnaires made it difficult for the researcher to examine complex opinions and issues. Even in cases whereby open ended questions were used, the respondents were limited such that they could not outline certain issues in a holistic manner. This in turn made it difficult for the researchers collect in-depth details. Results The first section of the questionnaire issued to teachers evaluated whether the head teachers of the alleged schools helped teachers to develop their careers by providing opportunities that will enable teachers to learn new skills and have new experiences. With regards to the question on whether the head teachers helped teachers to take advantage of opportunities to learn new skills all the four teachers issued with the questionnaire, responded that sometimes the head teachers helped then to take advantage of the opportunities to learn new skills. With regards to the question on whether the head teachers help teachers to take advantage of opportunities for new experiences all the four teachers issued with the questionnaire, responded that sometimes the head teachers helped then to take advantage of the opportunities for new experiences. With regards to the question on whether the head teacher looked for ways to help teachers become more successful, two teachers responded by saying al ways whereas the remaining two responded using sometimes. The last question in this section sought to find out the areas that the teachers thought are the most important areas that the head teacher should improve in developing teachers. Most of the teachers responded that attend instructional courses is one of the most important areas that head teachers should address in order to develop teachers. The second section of the questionnaire issued to teachers sought to evaluate whether the head teachers of the alleged schools encouraged collaboration between them and teachers. With regards to the questions on whether the head teachers met teachers every month, listened to the opinions and suggestions of the teachers on educational process and build cooperation with teachers all the four respondents answered that sometimes this happened. With regards to the question on whether the head teachers involved teachers in decision making two out of four teachers responded that sometimes they are involved whereas the remaining respondents answered that they are never involved in decision making. With regards to the question that sought to find out what head teachers should do in order to encourage collaboration, most teachers recommended that head teachers should involve the teaching staff in decision making. The third section of the questionnaire issued to teachers sought to assess whether head teachers build trustful communication process that enable teachers to communicate what is on their mind. Three out of four teachers confirmed that their head teachers never build trustful communication processes. It is only one out of four of the examined teachers who confirmed that their head teachers always build trustful communication processes. All the four examined teachers responded that the head teachers always believed that trust is the foundation for successful collaboration. All the four examined teachers also responded the head teachers in their alleged schools never walk the talk. With regards to the final questing in this section that sought to determine the most important steps that the head teachers should take in order to improve trust. Most teachers recommended that the head teachers should mandate teachers with tasks that will help building trust. The fourth section of the questionnaire issued to teachers sought to assess whether head teachers employ strategies geared towards motivating their teaching staff. The findings of this questionnaire established that all of the examined teachers, felt that sometimes the head teacher employed strategies to motivate them. With regards to the question on the most important areas that the teachers thought that the head teachers should motivate teachers, most teachers responded that the head teacher must estimate innovators works for teachers. The fifth section of the questionnaires issued to teachers sought to establish whether teachers though that the leadership exercised by head teachers was successful. Most teachers said yes because the head teachers in their alleged schools build cooperation and trust between them and teachers. In addition, the head teachers showed the teachers respect. The findings of the questionnaires issued to head teachers indicated that the head teachers sometimes took advantage of opportunities to develop the careers of teachers. The two examined head teachers identified instructional courses as the most important area that required improvement when it comes to developing teachers. The findings of the questionnaires issued to head teachers also indicated that sometimes the head teachers encouraged collaboration amongst themselves and teachers with regards to matters such as decision-making, displinary matters and educational processes. In the questionnaires, the head teachers indicated that the most important areas for improvement with regards to collaboration revolved around decision-making. The finding of these questionnaires also depicted that sometimes the head teachers build trustful communication processes that enable teachers to say what is on their mind. According to the responses of the two head teachers, the most important area that requires improvement when it comes to building trustful communication processes is decision making. The head teachers recommended that teachers should be committed and involved in decision- making. Moreover, the findings of the questionnaires issued to the two head teachers established that sometimes the head teachers employed motivational strategies geared towards motivating the teaching staff. The head teachers recommended that they should create social activity between the teaching staff so as to improve the motivation of teachers at work. One of the key challenges that the head teachers encounter in their relationship with the teachers is the lack of enough teaching staff and as a result, they face challenges when it comes to equally distributing work. Discussion Good relationship between head teachers and teachers is imperative since it determines whether a school system experiences success on its educational goals. Among the key elements that contribute to good relationships between head teachers and teachers include the leadership style that a head teacher uses in the school environment or the motivational strategies that the head teacher employs so as to motivate the teaching staff. According to (Seashore Taber 346), the kind of leadership exercised by school head teachers is reflected on how they communicate with teachers, how they exercise their authority and power, this in turn affects teachers and students. Moreover, the leadership styles articulated by school head teachers influences they way in which they command and motivate teachers to realize the set academic goals. The manner in which school head teachers lead determines if they can effectively motivate teachers and maintain positive relationships with them. The main indicator o f effective leadership is the level of motivation that teachers have to diligently have to carry out their duties. In order for teachers to feel motivated to carry out their duties head teachers have to maintain good relationships with teachers. The findings of the issued questionnaires depict that in the two schools whereby the study was conducted the relationship between the head teachers and teachers is relatively good. This is mainly because based on these findings, it is evident that the head teachers employ leadership styles that to some extent enable teachers to develop in the careers and also take part in the decision making process. Moreover, these finds depict that to some extent the head teachers employ motivational strategies that aim at motivating the teaching staff. For instance, With regards to the question on whether the head teachers helped teachers to take advantage of opportunities to learn new skills all the four teachers issued with the questionnaire, responded that sometimes the head teachers helped then to take advantage of the opportunities to learn new skills. With regards to the questions on whether the head teachers met teachers every month, listened to the opinions and suggestions of the teachers on educational process and build cooperation with teachers all the four respondents answered that sometimes this happened. In addition the finding of this study established that the head teachers in these schools to a certain extent used motivational strategies in order to motivate its staff. This shows that the head teachers in these schools employ certain strategies that promote good relationships between them and teachers. Nevertheless, there is still room for improvement. The case examples of the two primary schools in Dharan City, Saudi Arabia provide a good example of the nature of relationships between head teachers and teachers and how these relationships can be improved. For instance based on the finding of this study , in order for good relationships to be fostered between head teachers and teachers it essential for head teachers to help teachers take advantage of opportunities for new experiences and opportunities to learn new skills. Harris, Day Hadfield (2003, p 67) observe that a healthy work relationship between teachers and head teachers is one that enables and promotes the development of the teachers career. The development of the teachers career may sometimes change the type of relationship between head teachers and the teachers. As teachers gain more experience and skill in their career they become more confident in the articulation of their duties (Harris, Day Hadfield p 67). Moreover, in order for head teachers to establish good relationships with teachers, it is essential for head teachers to create a conducive work environment that will allow teachers to be involved in the decision making process and also a work environment that enable teachers to communicate freely about their opinions and ideas. Additionally, head teachers should employ motivational strategies such as creating social activities for the teaching staff, with the aim of motivating the teaching so that they can enhance their performance. Conclusion The purpose of this study was to establish how good relationships between head teachers and teachers can lead to success and better performance amongst students. Through a review of several relevant literatures, this study established that the form of leadership style that head teachers exercise in their daily running of schools directly determines whether they will have good or bad relationships with teachers. Furthermore, most of the reviewed literatures recommended that head teachers should prioritize on forming good relationships with teachers as this will inevitable contribute success and better performance amongst students. The conceptual framework of this study was based on the assumption that the kind of leadership and motivation strategy employed by school head teachers determines whether or not they have good relationships with teachers. Consequently, the relationship between head teachers and teachers influences the performance of students in schools. In this study, questionnaires were used as the main methods of collecting data. These questionnaires were distributed to two head teachers and four teachers in two primary schools in Dharan City, Saudi Arabia. The findings of these questionnaires depicted that in the two schools whereby the study was conducted the relationship between the head teachers and teachers is relatively good. However, there is still room for improvement for instance in order to establish better relationships with teachers, the head teachers in these schools should a conducive work environment that will enable teachers to be involved in the decision making process, develop in their careers and also a work environment that enable teachers to communicate freely about their opinions and ideas.